I just saw a DW documentary about how elections are influenced by targeting campaigning, Cambridge Analytical style.
https://youtu.be/hzv7gCBHglg
What can be done?
Nazi had radio, communists had the press, new extremist have internet. It seems that any telecommunication innovation ushers in the extremists.
A system to be stable had to have friction within, as a car who has to be drivable must have breaks.
Crisis in our world are caused by lack of friction, anyone can buy and sell tonnes of wheat in same day without even see them, or trade mortgages from persons he doesn't know.
A scammer can send billions of mails to catch the gullible.
PR firms have access to our data, and can misinform us
Once friction/ cost is introduced to these activities, they are no longer profitable,
if wheat speculant has to load tonnes of wheat, he will give up, if the scammer has to file tausand of physical letters he will give up. If the propagandist had to manually collect data, he will give up too
The problem is to define the friction, how to introduce it and not hinder development, and who should introduce it. A state censorship is a friction but not a desired one.
Institutions can be made with more friction
Sell the wheat that you own or not trade it too often.
Cast the vote by hand and not electronically.
Protect you online data and don't like anything.
These are the few ideas that sprung from my mind